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Ep. 307: G.E. Moore Defends Common Sense (Part Two for Supporters)

December 24, 2022 by Mark Linsenmayer Leave a Comment

Continuing from part one on "A Defense of Common Sense" (1925), now down to Mark, Wes, and Dylan. We get into the nitty gritty of Moore's argument: Against idealism, Moore argues that physical facts are in now way dependent on mental facts; for instance, the existence and position of the moon don't depend on anyone's beliefs about the moon. Reality is mind  Continue Reading …

Ep. 307: G.E. Moore Defends Common Sense (Part One for Supporters)

December 24, 2022 by Mark Linsenmayer Leave a Comment

On "A Defense of Common Sense" (1925), featuring Mark, Wes, Seth, and Dylan. Various philosophers will tell you that the only thing you experience is your own ideas, and hence the world outside of your mind is something wholly unknowable, or if it is knowable, it must be because those supposedly physical objects are actually somehow ideas as well. Moore defends our  Continue Reading …

Ep. 294: Quine on Science vs. Epistemology (Part One for Supporters)

May 22, 2022 by Mark Linsenmayer Leave a Comment

On W.V.O. Quine's "Epistemology Naturalized" (1969), featuring Mark, Wes, and Seth. What justifies scientific theory? The classical epistemological project found in figures like Descartes and Locke seeks to find basic, indubitable premises that serve to ground the rest of our theorizing. Quine begins by considering Hume's attempt to do this by claiming that all we ever  Continue Reading …

Ep. 240: David Lewis on Possible Worlds and Language Games (Part Two)

April 13, 2020 by Mark Linsenmayer 2 Comments

On “Scorekeeping in a Language Game” (1979) and “Truth in Fiction” (1978). Building on our first half, which covered Ch. 4 of Lewis's book Counterfactuals (1973), we now look to some of Lewis's ideas about language. In his "Scorekeeping in a Language Game" essay, Mark, Wes, Dylan, and guest Matt Teichman consider conversational dynamics, which in part involves thinking about  Continue Reading …

Ep. 240: David Lewis on Possible Worlds and Language Games (Part One)

April 6, 2020 by Mark Linsenmayer 3 Comments

On Ch. 4 of Lewis's book Counterfactuals (1973) and the essays “Scorekeeping in a Language Game” (1979) and “Truth in Fiction” (1978). What makes counter-factual statements true? If you think "I might have grown up in Cleveland" is true, then what thing about the world makes that "might" statement true? Or by contrast, "I might have been a round square" is not only obviously  Continue Reading …

Ep. 240: David Lewis on Possible Worlds and Language Games (Citizen Edition)

April 6, 2020 by Mark Linsenmayer Leave a Comment

On Ch. 4 of Lewis's book Counterfactuals (1973) and the essays “Scorekeeping in a Language Game” (1979) and “Truth in Fiction” (1978). What makes counter-factual statements true? If you think "I might have grown up in Cleveland" is true, then what thing about the world makes that "might" statement true? Or by contrast, "I might have been a round square" is not only obviously  Continue Reading …

Episode 195: Truth-The Austin/Strawson Debate (Part Two)

July 30, 2018 by Mark Linsenmayer 6 Comments

Continuing on "Truth" by J.L. Austin and "Truth" by P.F. Strawson, both from 1950. We proceed to the Strawson article, which critiques the notion of a "fact" as explaining why a sentence might be true. A "fact" is not a thing in the world! So what do we add when we change "The cat is on the mat" to "'The cat is on the mat' is true"? Addendum: We discovered after posting  Continue Reading …

Episode 195: Truth-The Austin/Strawson Debate (Part One)

July 23, 2018 by Mark Linsenmayer 1 Comment

On two articles in the "ordinary language" tradition of philosophy called "Truth" from 1950 by J.L. Austin and P.F. Strawson. You may remember John Langshaw Austin as the performatives guy, but it's actually Peter Frederick Strawson (whom we covered in the context of free will) who (shortly before either of these papers) came up with what has become known as the performative  Continue Reading …

Ep. 195: Truth-The Austin/Strawson Debate (Citizen Edition)

July 22, 2018 by Mark Linsenmayer Leave a Comment

On two articles in the "ordinary language" tradition of philosophy called "Truth" from 1950 by J.L. Austin and P.F. Strawson. You may remember John Langshaw Austin as the performatives guy, but it's actually Peter Frederick Strawson (whom we covered in the context of free will) who (shortly before either of these papers) came up with what has become known as the performative  Continue Reading …

Episode 194: Alfred Tarski on Truth (Part Two)

July 16, 2018 by Mark Linsenmayer 10 Comments

Continuing on Tarski's “The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of Semantics,” (1944), Hartry Field's “Tarski's Theory of Truth” (1972), and Donald Davidson's “The Folly of Trying to Define Truth” (1977). What was Tarski really doing? What are the implications of his project? Does it even make sense to define "truth," and what should a definition look  Continue Reading …

Episode 194: Alfred Tarski on Truth (Part One)

July 9, 2018 by Mark Linsenmayer 6 Comments

On Tarski's “The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of Semantics,” (1944), Hartry Field's “Tarski's Theory of Truth” (1972), and Donald Davidson's“The Folly of Trying to Define Truth” (1977). What is truth? Tarski gives a technical, metaphysically neutral definition for truth within a particular, well-defined language. In short, a sentence is true if it is  Continue Reading …

Ep. 194: Alfred Tarski on Truth (Citizen Edition)

July 8, 2018 by Mark Linsenmayer 1 Comment

On Tarski's “The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of Semantics,” (1944), Hartry Field's “Tarski's Theory of Truth” (1972), and Donald Davidson's “The Folly of Trying to Define Truth” (1977). What is truth? Tarski gives a technical, metaphysically neutral definition for truth within a particular, well-defined language. In short, a sentence is true if it is  Continue Reading …

Episode 155: Richard Rorty Against Epistemology

January 2, 2017 by Mark Linsenmayer 14 Comments

On Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979), Part II: "Mirroring" (Ch. 3–4). Is a "theory of knowledge" possible? Rorty says that while of course psychology has interesting things to say, any specifically philosophical effort is doomed. Why? Because there is no fixed point outside of the "knowledge language game" that provides an ultimate grounding. Rorty draws on  Continue Reading …

Ep. 155: Richard Rorty Against Epistemology (Citizen Edition)

January 1, 2017 by Mark Linsenmayer 1 Comment

On Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979), Part II: "Mirroring" (Ch. 3–4). Is a "theory of knowledge" possible? Rorty says that while of course psychology has interesting things to say, any specifically philosophical effort is doomed. Why? Because there is no fixed point outside of the "knowledge language game" that provides an ultimate grounding. Rorty draws on  Continue Reading …

Episode 154: Wilfrid Sellars on the Myth of the Given

December 19, 2016 by Mark Linsenmayer 4 Comments

On "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind" (1956). Is knowledge based on a "foundation," as Descartes, Locke, et al. thought? Sellars says no. Sixteenth-century empiricists thought that we have some indubitable perceptions: Even though I may not be absolutely sure that there's a red object in front of me, I can be sure that there seems to be such an object. The "red  Continue Reading …

Ep. 154: Wilfrid Sellars on the Myth of the Given (Citizen Edition)

December 18, 2016 by Mark Linsenmayer 6 Comments

On "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind" (1956). Is knowledge based on a "foundation," as Descartes, Locke, et al. thought? Sellars says no. Sixteenth-century empiricists thought that we have some indubitable perceptions: Even though I may not be absolutely sure that there's a red object in front of me, I can be sure that there seems to be such an object. The "red  Continue Reading …

Episode 126: Saul Kripke on Possibilities, Language & Science

November 2, 2015 by Mark Linsenmayer 14 Comments

On Naming and Necessity (1980). What's the relationship between language and the world? Specifically, what makes a name or a class term (like "tiger") pick out the person or things that it does? Saul Kripke wanted to correct the dominant view of his time (which involved speakers having some description in mind, and it's that description that hooks the word to the thing), and  Continue Reading …

Episode 126: Saul Kripke on Possibilities, Language & Science (Citizen Edition)

October 31, 2015 by Mark Linsenmayer 4 Comments

On Naming and Necessity (1980). What's the relationship between language and the world? Specifically, what makes a name or a class term (like "tiger") pick out the person or things that it does? Saul Kripke wanted to correct the dominant view of his time (which involved speakers having some description in mind, and it's that description that hooks the word to the thing), and  Continue Reading …

PREVIEW-Ep. 68: Guest David Chalmers on the Scrutability of the World

December 21, 2012 by Mark Linsenmayer 21 Comments

This is a short preview of the full episode. Buy Now Purchase this episode for $2.99. Or become a PEL Citizen for $5 a month, and get access to this and all other paywalled episodes, including 68 back catalogue episodes; exclusive Part 2's for episodes published after September, 2020; and our after-show Nightcap, where the guys respond to listener email and chat more  Continue Reading …

Episode 68: David Chalmers Interview on the Scrutability of the World (Citizens Only)

December 21, 2012 by Mark Linsenmayer Leave a Comment

On his book Constructing the World (2012). How are all the various truths about the world related to each other? David Chalmers, famous for advocating a scientifically respectable form of brain-consciousness dualism, advocates a framework of scrutability: if one knew some set of base truths, then the rest would be knowable from them. What sort of base? Well, there may be  Continue Reading …

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